Api 5l X42 Carbon Steel Line Pipe
API 5L X42 (L290) is a high-strength carbon steel line pipe used for oil, gas, and water transmission. The "42" denotes a minimum yield strength of 42,100 psi (290 MPa). Offering higher durability than Grade B, X42 allows for thinner walls in high-pressure designs, reducing overall material costs. Available in seamless or welded types (ERW, LSAW), it is widely utilized in gathering and transmission systems due to its excellent weldability and reliability.
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API 5L X42 (L290) is a high-strength carbon steel grade within the API 5L specification. The "42" indicates a minimum yield strength of 42,100 psi (290 MPa). It offers higher strength than Grade B, making it more efficient for high-pressure oil, gas, and water transmission while remaining cost-effective.
100% Compliance Guaranteed – Download Our Latest API 5L X42 Mill Test Certificates (MTC).
Specifications of API 5L X42 Carbon Steel Pipe
Standard: API Spec 5L / ISO 3183
Grade: X42 or L290 (L stands for Line pipe, 290 is yield in MPa)
Product Specification Level: PSL1 and PSL2
Outer Diameter (OD): Seamless (1/2" – 24"); ERW (1/2" – 24"); LSAW/SSAW (16" – 60")
Wall Thickness (WT): SCH 10 to SCH 160, STD, XS, XXS (up to 60mm)
Length: Fixed (e.g., 5.8m, 6m, 11.8m, 12m), SRL, DRL
Surface Finish: Bare, Black Vanish, FBE, 3LPE, Galvanized
Chemical Composition of API 5L X42 Pipe (% max)
| Element | PSL1 (Seamless & Welded) | PSL2 (Seamless) | PSL2 (Welded) |
| C | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.22 |
| Mn | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 |
| P | 0.030 | 0.025 | 0.025 |
| S | 0.030 | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| CEpw | - | 0.43 | 0.42 |
API 5L Grade X42 Mechanical Properties
| Property | PSL1 | PSL2 |
| Yield Strength (min) | 290 MPa (42,100 psi) | 290 - 495 MPa |
| Tensile Strength (min) | 415 MPa (60,200 psi) | 415 - 760 MPa |
| Yield to Tensile Ratio | - | ≤ 0.93 |
| Impact Toughness | Not Mandatory | Mandatory (CVN at 0°C or specified) |
API 5L X42 Equivalent Chart
| API 5L Grade | ISO 3183 Equivalent | ASTM Equivalent (Approx) | DIN Equivalent |
| X42 | L290 | ASTM A106/A53 Grade B (Higher) | DIN 17172 StE 290.7 |
API 5L X42 Pipe Dimensions
Dimensions follow ASME B36.10M:
Small Bore: 1/2", 3/4", 1", 1-1/2", 2"
Medium Bore: 3", 4", 6", 8", 10", 12"
Large Bore: 14", 16", 18", 20", 24" up to 60"
Schedules: SCH 10, 20, 30, 40 (STD), 60, 80 (XS), 100, 120, 140, 160, XXS.
X42 Carbon Steel CW Pipe Wall Thickness
CW (Continuous Welded) pipe is generally used for low-pressure applications. Its wall thickness usually follows:
Light Wall: SCH 10
Standard Wall: STD/SCH 40
Note: For X42, Seamless or ERW is preferred over CW for energy-related pipelines.
Tolerance of API 5L Grade X42 Pipe
| Parameter | Tolerance |
| Outside Diameter (D) | Pipe ≤ 2-3/8": ± 0.41mm; Pipe ≥ 2-3/8": ± 0.75% of D |
| Wall Thickness (t) | +15% to -12.5% (depending on thickness and type) |
| Weight | Single length: -3.5% / +10.0% |
| Straightness |
≤ 0.2% of total length |
| Out-of-Roundness | Typically 0.015D to 0.02D (for thin walls) |
Types of API 5L X42 Pipe
SMLS (Seamless): High pressure, no weld seam.
ERW (Electric Resistance Welded): Longitudinal weld, cost-effective for medium diameters.
LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded): For large diameter, heavy wall thickness.
SSAW/HSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded): For very large diameters and long-distance water/oil lines.
API 5L X42 Pipe Roughness
Absolute Roughness ( ϵ ): Typically 0.045 mm (0.0018 inches) for new commercial steel pipe.
Relative Roughness: Calculated as ϵ/D , used in Darcy-Weisbach flow calculations.
API 5L X42 Pipe Applications
Onshore Pipelines: Long-distance oil and natural gas transmission.
Water Distribution: High-pressure municipal water lines.
Petrochemical Plants: Process piping systems.
Offshore Construction: Structural piling and riser pipes.
Gathering Lines: Transporting fluids from wells to processing plants.
Test Certificates of API 5L X42 Pipe
MTC (Mill Test Certificate): Issued to EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2.
Hydrostatic Test: 100% of pipes tested to ensure no leakage.
NDT (Non-Destructive Test): Ultrasonic (UT) or X-ray for weld seams.
Mechanical Tests: Tensile, Flattening, Bending, CVN Impact (PSL2).
Chemical Analysis: Ladle and Product analysis.
GNEE API 5L X42 Oil Pipe process line
GNEE API 5L X42 Oil and Gas Pipe test equipments
GNEE API 5L X42 Pipeline certificate
FAQ:
Q1 : What is the main difference between API 5L X42 and Grade B?
A: The primary difference is mechanical strength. While Grade B has a minimum yield strength of 245 MPa (35,500 psi), X42 provides 290 MPa (42,100 psi). This increased strength means that for the same pressure rating, X42 pipes can often be specified with a thinner wall thickness, reducing the total pipeline weight and lowering transportation and material costs. Their processing characteristics, such as welding and bending, remain very similar.
Q2 : What are the primary differences between X42 PSL1 and PSL2 pipes?
A: PSL2 is much more stringent than PSL1 in several key areas:
Impact Toughness: PSL2 requires mandatory Charpy V-Notch (CVN) testing to ensure the steel won't fracture easily, whereas PSL1 has no such requirement.
Chemical Composition: PSL2 has stricter limits on Carbon content and Carbon Equivalent (CE) to ensure superior weldability.
Manufacturing: Repair welding on the pipe body is strictly prohibited for PSL2, and full traceability from the melt to the final product is mandatory.
Application: PSL1 is suitable for general utilities, while PSL2 is designed for high-pressure, cold-weather, or critical long-distance transmission lines.
Q3 : Is API 5L X42 seamless pipe suitable for Sour Service?
A: Standard X42 pipe is not automatically suitable for sour environments. It must be specially processed and tested to comply with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 standards. These pipes are typically designated as X42QS or X42NS. They undergo additional HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) and SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) testing to ensure they do not fail when exposed to H2S (hydrogen sulfide) in corrosive environments.
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