ASTM A213 Heat Exchanger Tubes

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ASTM A213 heat exchange tubes are seamless alloy steel tubes specially used for boilers, superheaters and heat exchange equipment.

Material composition: It includes two types of ferritic alloy steel (such as T11, T12, T91/T9) and austenitic alloy steel, and the performance is strengthened by adding elements such as chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and vanadium (V).
Implementation standard: It follows the ASTM A213/A213M specification (the latest version is ASTM A213M-21a), covering mandatory requirements such as chemical composition, mechanical properties, and non-destructive testing.
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Common Grades of ASTM A213 Heat Exchanger Tubes

ASTM A213 covers a full range of low-alloy ferritic steels and stainless steels, each formulated for specific temperature, pressure, and corrosion conditions.

Low-Alloy Ferritic Steel Grades

Chromium-molybdenum (Cr-Mo) and advanced ferritic alloys are optimized for elevated-temperature pressure retaining services:

Standard Cr-Mo grades: T2, T5, T5b, T5c, T9, T11, T12, T17, T21, T22

Advanced high-strength ferritic/martensitic grades: T23, T24, T36, T91, T92, T122, T911

T9, T11, T22, T91 and T92 are the most widely specified grades for heat exchanger bundles, boiler superheaters, and reheaters.

Stainless Steel Grades

Austenitic and ferritic stainless steel grades provide exceptional corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance at high temperatures:

General-purpose austenitic grades: TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP304N, TP304LN, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP316N, TP316LN, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H

High-temperature specialty grades: TP201, TP202, XM-19, TP309S, TP309H, TP309LMoN, TP309Cb, TP309Hcb, TP310S, TP310H, TP347HFG

TP304L and TP316L are the most commonly selected stainless steel grades for industrial heat exchanger applications.

Chemical and Mechanical Data Sheet of A213/SA213 Tubing

Chemicals for A213/SA213 tubing

Mechanical Properties

Heat Treatment Requirements

Controlled heat treatment is required to achieve the specified mechanical properties and high-temperature performance. Requirements differ by grade family:

T9, T11, T22 Low-Alloy Grades

These grades may be supplied with either of the following heat treatment routes:

Full annealing or isothermal annealing

Normalizing followed by tempering: For T9 and T22, the tempering temperature must be at least 675°C; for T11, the tempering temperature must be at least 650°C

T91, T92 Advanced Ferritic Grades

T91 and T92 tubes shall be delivered exclusively in the normalized and tempered condition:

Normalizing temperature: minimum 1040°C

Tempering temperature: minimum 730°C

Austenitic Stainless Steel Grades

Austenitic stainless steel tubes are furnished in the solution heat-treated condition. As an alternative, tubes may be individually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means immediately after hot forming, provided the tube temperature is not lower than the minimum solution treatment temperature.

Dimensional Tolerances

Wall thickness tolerances comply with ASTM A1016/A1016M general requirements, and vary by forming method.

Wall Thickness Tolerances

Hot-Formed Tubes

Outer diameter 1/2" to 2-1/2": +20% / -12.5% of specified minimum wall thickness

Outer diameter above 2-1/2", with t/D ≤ 5%: +22.5% / -12.5%

Outer diameter above 2-1/2", with t/D < 5%: +15% / -12.5%

Cold-Formed Tubes

For specified average wall thickness, the permissible variation is ±10%. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the minimum wall thickness tolerances for hot-formed tubes also apply to cold-formed products.

Advantages of A213 Alloy Steel Pipe

• High temperature and high pressure tolerance:

The working temperature covers 450°C~650°C (such as T91 strength ≥376 MPa at 550°C), and the tensile strength is ≥415 MPa.
It is creep-resistant and oxidation-resistant during long-term service, and the oxidation rate is lower than that of conventional stainless steel in steam corrosion environment.

• ‌Corrosion resistance‌:

Chromium (Cr 1%-9.5%) forms a dense oxide film to resist hydrogen sulfide and high-temperature steam corrosion.
Molybdenum (Mo 0.44%-1.05%) enhances hydrogen corrosion resistance and is suitable for petrochemical hydrogenation units.

• ‌Structural reliability‌:

The seamless manufacturing process ensures uniform pipe wall and passes 20 MPa water pressure test and ultrasonic flaw detection (defects ≤ 0.2 mm).
Supports bending, flaring and other processing, and is suitable for complex heat exchange structures.

 

A213 Alloy pipe in stock

 

A213 T91 Heat Resistant Alloy Steel Pipe

A213 T5 Alloy Steel Seamless pipe

A213 T92 Alloy Steel Seamless Tube

Material & Testing Reference Standards

ASTM A262: Standard practices for detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack in austenitic stainless steels

ASTM A941: Standard terminology relating to steel, stainless steel, alloys, and ferroalloys

ASTM A1016/A1016M: General requirements for ferritic alloy steel, austenitic alloy steel, and stainless steel tube

ASTM E112: Standard test methods for determining average grain size

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Package: Standard export package,wooden cases,wooden pallet,carton,etc
Loading Port: Tianjin port,Shanghai port,Qingdao port,Ningbo port, etc
MOQ: 5 Tons. for special size, the MOQ will be confirmed
Price Term: EX-WORK, FOB, CIF, CFR, CNF, DDP, etc
Delivery Time: ACCORDING TO THE ORDER"S QUANTITY.

What does the "H" suffix mean in ASTM A213 grade designations?

The "H" suffix indicates a grade with controlled carbon content and grain size requirements, engineered to deliver higher creep-rupture strength and improved long-term performance at elevated temperatures compared to the standard non-H grade of the same base number. H grades are primarily used for boiler and superheater tubes with extended high-temperature service life requirements.

Is ASTM A213 the same as ASME SA213?

ASME SA213 is the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) version of ASTM A213, with identical technical requirements. SA213 is formally recognized for code-stamped pressure vessel and boiler construction, while A213 is the general ASTM material specification. In practice, the two grades are interchangeable for most industrial applications.

What is the difference between ASTM A213 T11 and T22 tubes?

The core difference lies in alloy content. T11 contains approximately 1.25% chromium and 0.5% molybdenum, suitable for moderate temperature and pressure services. T22 contains 2.25% chromium and 1.0% molybdenum, providing better oxidation resistance, higher creep strength, and suitability for higher operating temperatures and pressures.

Are ASTM A213 tubes seamless or welded?

ASTM A213 exclusively covers seamless steel tubes. Welded austenitic stainless steel tubes for similar heat exchanger service are covered under ASTM A249 specification.

What is the maximum service temperature for ASTM A213 T91?

T91 is widely used for long-term service up to approximately 600–620°C in accordance with applicable design codes. Actual allowable operating temperature depends on design pressure, required creep life, and applicable design codes.

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